TRACING BOGOR’S URBAN EVOLUTION: ANALYZING CITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE LENS OF URBANIZATION

Abstract

This study analyzes the development trajectory of Bogor City through the lens of urbanization, focusing on how rapid demographic and spatial changes have reshaped its identity over the past two decades. As a satellite city of Jakarta, Bogor has experienced intensified population mobility, expanding commercial areas, and significant land-use transformation driven by pull factors such as affordable housing, access to the KRL Commuter Line, and geographic proximity to Jakarta, as well as push factors including congestion, high living costs, and pollution in the capital city. Using a literature review method and descriptive analysis based on secondary data from the Bogor City Statistics Agency, this study identifies key drivers of urbanization and evaluates their impacts on the city’s socio-spatial dynamics. The findings reveal that while urbanization has stimulated economic growth and infrastructural development, it has simultaneously generated challenges such as rising traffic congestion, environmental degradation, infrastructure pressure, and increasing social disparities. The rapid urban expansion without proportional infrastructure improvement has contributed to congestion becoming a defining characteristic of the city. Consequently, Bogor’s identity has shifted from the once tranquil “Rain City” to an increasingly congested metropolitan satellite. These insights underscore the importance of proactive urban planning strategies to manage urbanization sustainably and prevent further deterioration of urban quality.